CAS number: 57-11-4
PubChem: 5281
DrugBank: DB03193
CHEMBL: 46403
Molecular formula: C18H36O2
Molar mass: 284.48 g mol-1
Appearance: White solid
Density: 0.847 g/cm3 at 70 °C
Melting point: 69.6 °C, 343 K, 157 °F
Boiling point: 383 °C, 656 K, 721 °F
Solubility in water: 3 mg/L (20 °C)
Refractive index (nD): 1.4299
General Information
Stearic acid, with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)16COOH, is the most well-known 18-carbon long-chain aliphatic carboxylic fatty acid in nature. It is found in solid-liquid fats obtained from most animals and plants, usually in the form of glyceride stearin. Stearic acid and its compounds, especially its salts (stearates), have commercial importance. Long-chain alcohol esters are known as waxes. Esters of other monohydric and polyhydric alcohols are used in varnish manufacturing and in the production of non-ionic surfactants.
Production and Reactions
Stearic acid can be obtained from animal fats by hydrolysis.
Commercial production usually involves a mixture of stearic, palmitic, and other fatty acids. It can be separated as a pure substance by fractional distillation.
It is prepared by hydrogenation of soybean oil or other vegetable oils.
Areas of Use
Cosmetics
It is used as an emulsifier in most products in this sector.
Rubber
It is used as a softener, accelerator activator, and dispersing agent in the rubber industry.
Soap-Detergent
Like oleates and palmitates, it is used as a main ingredient in toilet and laundry soaps.
Textile
Stearic acid is used in the manufacture of waterproof fabrics.
Candle
It is used in candle production and in obtaining beeswax ester.
Other
In the form of metal salts (such as zinc stearate, iron stearate), it finds use in many sectors such as paint, pharmaceuticals, etc.
